EPICA Dome C Ice Core Termination II d13CO2 Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: EPICA Dome C Ice Core Termination II d13CO2 Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Lourantou, A., J. Chappellaz, J.-M. Barnola, V. Masson-Delmotte, and D. Raynaud. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-060 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Lourantou, A., et al. 2010. EPICA Dome C Ice Core Termination II d13CO2 Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-060. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Lourantou, A., J. Chappellaz, J.-M. Barnola, V. Masson-Delmotte, and D. Raynaud. 2010. Changes in atmospheric CO2 and its carbon isotopic ratio during the penultimate deglaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 29, Issues 17-18, August 2010, pp. 1983-1992. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.002 ABSTRACT: The largest natural increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration as recorded in ice cores occur when the Earth climate abruptly shifts from a glacial to an interglacial state. Open questions remain regarding the processes at play, the sequences of events and their similarities along different glacial-interglacial transitions. Here we provide new combined data of atmospheric CO2 and its carbon isotopic ratio (d13CO2) for the penultimate glacial-interglacial transition (Termination II) from the Antarctic EPICA Dome C ice core. Together with the strongest Antarctic warming, this transition bears the largest CO2 increase (104 ppmv) of the last nine Terminations, ending with an overshoot of 21 ppmv occurring within ~300 y and leading to higher levels than those of the late pre-industrial Holocene. The full CO2 rise is accompanied by an overall decrease of the d13CO2 minimum values, on which three positive excursions are superimposed. Peak-to-peak d13CO2 changes in our record can reach ~1 per mil. The ice core atmospheric d13CO2 appears more depleted by ~0.2 per mil during Termination II compared to Termination I, paralleling a similar carbon isotopic depletion recorded in marine data. During both terminations, most of CO2 and d13CO2 variations are attributed to southern ocean stratification breakdown and decreased efficiency of the biological pump. Compared to Termination I, Termination II ice core data point to different timings of decrease in iron supply and sea-ice extent, suggesting that they could account for distinct patterns of the carbon cycle. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Lourantou, A., J.V. Lavric, P. Köhler, J.-M. Barnola, D. Paillard, E. Michel, D. Raynaud, and J. Chappellaz. 2010. Constraint of the CO2 rise by new atmospheric carbon isotopic measurements during the last deglaciation. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 24, GB2015. doi:10.1029/2009GB003545 GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Antarctica PERIOD OF RECORD: 152-125 KYrBP FUNDING SOURCES: European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) is funded by the European Commission and national contributions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The main logistic support was provided by IPEV and PNRA (at Dome C). AL was funded by the European Research Training and Mobility Network GREENCYCLES. Additional funding support was provided by the QUEST-INSU project DESIRE, the FP6 STREP EPICA-MIS, and the French ANR PICC (ANR-05-BLAN-0312-01). This work was also supported by funding to the Past4Future project from the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme, grant number 243908, and is Past4Future contribution number 3. Long-term support for the mass spectrometry work at LGGEwas provided by the Fondation de France and the Balzan Price of C. Lorius. DESCRIPTION: Record of CO2 and d13CO2 across Termination II from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C (EDC) ice core, and comparison with previously published Vostok ice core CO2 data. The experimental procedure of extraction of CO2 and its stable isotopes, as well as the synchronization of EDC age scale to GICC05, are described in the methods section of Lourantou et al. 2010. An even more detailed description can be found in Lourantou, 2009 (PhD thesis, can be found online at: http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370658/fr/) Termination II is the penultimate glacial–interglacial transition ~125,000 Yr BP. EPICA Dome C ice core: 75°06'S, 123°21'E, 3233m above sea level DATA: 1. Lourantou et al. 2010 EPICA Dome C Termination 2 CO2 & d13CO2 Data Column A: Depth (m) of EDC Column B: Gas age (EDC3_gas_a), according to 4th scenario of Loulergue et al., 2007 for the EDC core, in yr BP (BP=1950 AD) Column C: Mean CO2 data (ppmv) for every analyzed sample Column D: Mean CO2 data (ppmv) corrected for gravitational fractionation (Etheridge et al., 1996) Column E: 1 sigma uncertainties for atmospheric CO2 reconstructions Column F: Mean delta13CO2 data (permil) for every single analyzed sample Column G: Mean delta13CO2 data (permil) corrected for gravitational fractionation (Dreyfus et al., 2010) Column H: 1 sigma uncertainties for atmospheric delta13CO2 reconstructions Depth(m) EDC3gasage CO2 CO2corr. 1sigma d13CO2 d13CO2corr. 1sigma 1669.25 125222.7 279.88 277.64 0.12 -6.072 -6.597 0.156 1674.75 125633.4 277.80 275.61 0.83 -6.340 -6.857 0.146 1674.75 125633.4 280.71 278.50 2.25 -6.081 -6.598 0.162 1677.50 125858.8 273.79 271.68 1.26 -6.112 -6.621 0.040 1680.25 126058.2 274.79 272.59 1.19 -6.473 -7.000 0.200 1685.75 126484.0 275.60 273.47 2.37 -6.492 -6.999 0.060 1691.25 126855.6 269.36 267.19 2.59 -6.141 -6.671 0.105 1696.75 127225.2 273.77 271.56 1.23 -6.177 -6.707 0.042 1702.25 127594.6 277.07 274.81 1.55 -6.059 -6.596 0.070 1705.00 127772.5 279.58 277.27 3.61 -6.236 -6.780 0.144 1707.75 127933.7 289.93 287.48 5.72 -6.983 -7.538 0.235 1713.25 128268.0 292.72 290.23 -6.843 -7.401 1718.75 128584.6 292.93 290.49 1.43 -6.695 -7.243 0.090 1724.25 128919.7 271.66 269.37 1.34 -6.318 -6.873 0.037 1729.75 129272.9 267.01 264.77 3.28 -6.051 -6.602 0.092 1732.50 129446.0 264.22 262.02 1.70 -6.480 -7.028 0.042 1735.25 129627.5 265.64 263.41 1.02 -6.177 -6.729 0.062 1740.75 130008.3 263.88 261.69 3.30 -6.663 -7.210 0.025 1744.05 130236.1 258.26 256.15 1.83 -6.651 -7.188 0.062 1749.55 130678.0 252.61 250.59 2.83 -6.436 -6.961 0.098 1755.05 131153.0 245.09 243.17 1.63 -6.263 -6.777 0.075 1760.00 131621.2 239.74 237.90 1.63 -6.462 -6.966 0.162 1766.05 132267.3 233.04 231.29 0.21 -6.429 -6.923 0.141 1771.55 132953.9 226.88 225.26 1.07 -6.651 -7.123 0.093 1773.75 133238.4 223.11 221.53 1.46 -6.631 -7.097 0.099 1779.25 133980.6 211.96 210.48 2.41 -6.489 -6.947 0.126 1784.75 134804.6 207.07 205.67 0.77 -6.160 -6.606 0.077 1787.50 135294.9 205.61 204.27 1.82 -6.220 -6.647 0.022 1790.25 135791.4 200.93 199.63 2.36 1790.25 135791.4 200.33 199.03 0.83 -6.500 -6.925 0.060 1795.75 136802.5 194.70 193.45 1.14 -6.477 -6.898 0.097 1801.25 137817.3 198.05 196.78 1.99 -6.387 -6.809 0.183 1806.75 138872.2 192.28 191.09 2.09 -6.330 -6.740 0.112 1812.25 139966.3 187.57 186.38 1.66 -6.326 -6.741 0.127 1815.00 140513.8 185.26 184.07 4.12 -6.323 -6.746 0.137 1821.05 141740.2 194.34 193.07 1.83 -6.349 -6.777 0.068 1867.25 150635.7 201.94 200.60 1.08 -6.678 -7.112 0.158 1870.00 151179.2 204.31 202.96 2.17 -6.765 -7.199 0.063 1872.75 151703.4 198.47 197.17 1.38 -6.450 -6.880 0.086 2. Comparison with previous Vostok data (fig S1 from supplementary material) Columns A-C: Barnola et al., 1987; Petit et al., 1999; Pépin et al., 2001; columns D-F: Fischer et al., 1999) Column A: Vostok depth (m) Column B: Gas age synchronised to EDC3_gas_a (4th scenario of Loulergue et al., 2007) in y BP (BP being 1950 AD) Column C: Atm CO2 data (ppmv) Column D: Vostok depth (m) Column E: Gas age synchronised to EDC3_gas_a (4th scenario of Loulergue et al., 2007) in y BP (BP being 1950 AD) Column F: Atm CO2 data, with 1 sigma of 4.0 ppmv Depth EDC3_gas_age CO2 Depth ave interpl.age CO2ave 1804 125081 279.7 1810.827 125482.1 286.1 1807 125262 273 1827.032 126424.8 269.6 1810 125434 277.1 1837.027 126931.1 265.3 1825.7 126347 273.7 1841.084 127109.3 272.7 1830 126598 267.1 1843.122 127201 269.4 1836 126886 262.5 1846.03 127333 293.4 1841.6 127132 262.6 1849.05 127470 281.1 1852.4 127622 275.3 1852.06 127606.6 278.3 1859 127907 275.6 1854.015 127691.7 266 1869.3 128344 274 1858.025 127864.9 290.1 1870 128372 287.1 1862.04 128036 286.9 1875.9 128609 286.8 1864.024 128120.2 271.2 1882.5 128866 282.6 1868.037 128290.4 280.2 1890 129146 264.1 1871.115 128416.8 272.4 1895 129340 263.4 1873.015 128493.1 291.7 1902 129652 257.9 1875.416 128589.6 270.4 1903.5 129736 259 1879.037 128731.2 266.7 1930 131329 245 1881.04 128809.2 263.7 1932 131455 240.4 1885.015 128959.9 269.4 1936 131728 228.9 1889.015 129109.2 273.3 1947 132492 223.5 1891.041 129186.4 273.9 1954.5 133069 223.9 1895.143 129346.4 262.1 1955 133105 220.3 1897.03 129430.5 257.2 1960 133427 210.6 1900.327 129577.4 243.7 1969.8 134123 208.9 1903.02 129709.1 255.6 1972 134287 203.7 1905.03 129828 248.5 1980.2 134960 204.5 1909.025 130068.1 263.9 1982 135114 200.4 1912.027 130248.6 257.7 1983 135207 198 1914.26 130382.8 253.8 1987.4 135603 198 1918.02 130608.9 249.5 1990.6 135883 201.7 1921.35 130809 246.6 1992 136011 200.7 1924.116 130975.3 255.8 1994.6 136251 202.4 1927.02 131149.9 230.8 1998 136567 195.8 1930.03 131330.9 213.9 1999 136655 201.1 1933.02 131524.6 258.8 2005.8 137293 194.3 1936.794 131783.1 242.3 2009.5 137633 193.4 1939.122 131944.8 240.8 2013 137982 194.2 1942.015 132145.8 233.1 2015 138185 190.2 1945.08 132358.6 245.6 2025.7 139275 192.3 1949.185 132660.1 225.7 2029 139617 196.5 1954.164 133043.1 222.5 2041 140899 195.6 1958.121 133306 213.7 2041.5 140960 196.4 1958.475 133328.8 204.6 2050.3 142058 190.4 1961.015 133499.1 207.5 2077.5 145363 196.9 1964.364 133736.9 209.4 2107.05 148831 203 1967.115 133932.3 205.7 2116 149803 191.9 1970.497 134175 195.7 2117 149921 188.9 1972.315 134312.8 194.1 2131.1 151423 200.6 1975.02 134534.9 189.7 1978.02 134781.1 183.7 1982.662 135175.6 198.8 1984.02 135298.8 211.4 1987.29 135593.1 208.5 1990.369 135862.8 203.3 1993.137 136116 200 1996.309 136409.8 197.8 1999.19 136672.8 216.2 2018.04 138494.7 205.3 2038.02 140580.6 198.6 2058.015 142995.4 176.4 2074.015 144939.5 194.1 2094.027 147302.6 194.5 2104.027 148476.2 194.9 2113.027 149480.1 205.3 3. Comparison with previous Dome Fuji data (Kawamura et al., 2007) Column A: Dome F depth (m) Column B: Gas age as found in Kawamura paper Column C: atm CO2 data Depth GasAge CO2dry 1709.78 125183 282.4 1719.73 126020 278.6 1724.74 126424 279.9 1739.75 127638 277.7 1747.63 128283 277.2 1794.76 131748 263.8 1802.17 132215 259.5 1819.77 133550 237.1 1824.74 133997 230.6 1829.74 134518 221.5 1837.13 135298 210.9 1874.75 141583 195.8 1909.73 148411 207.2 1919.74 150741 204.8 1929.61 153001 195.4