EPICA Dome C Ice Core Termination I d13CO2 Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: EPICA Dome C Ice Core Termination I d13CO2 Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Lourantou, A., J.V. Lavric, P. Köhler, J.-M. Barnola, D. Paillard, E. Michel, D. Raynaud, and J. Chappellaz. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-058 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Lourantou, A., et al. 2010. EPICA Dome C Ice Core Termination I d13CO2 Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-058. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Lourantou, A., J.V. Lavric, P. Köhler, J.-M. Barnola, D. Paillard, E. Michel, D. Raynaud, and J. Chappellaz. 2010. Constraint of the CO2 rise by new atmospheric carbon isotopic measurements during the last deglaciation. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 24, GB2015. doi:10.1029/2009GB003545 ABSTRACT: The causes of the ~80 ppmv increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) during the last glacial-interglacial climatic transition remain debated. We analyzed the parallel evolution of CO2 and its stable carbon isotopic ratio (d13CO2) in the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C ice core to bring additional constraints. Agreeing well but largely improving the Taylor Dome ice core record of lower resolution, our d13CO2 record is characterized by a W shape, with two negative d13CO2 excursions of 0.5‰ during Heinrich 1 and Younger Dryas events, bracketing a positive d13CO2 peak during the Bølling/Allerød warm period. The comparison with marine records and the outputs of two C cycle box models suggest that changes in Southern Ocean ventilation drove most of the CO2 increase, with additional contributions from marine productivity changes on the initial CO2 rise and d13CO2 decline and from rapid vegetation buildup during the CO2 plateau of the Bølling/Allerød. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Smith, H.J., H. Fischer, M. Wahlen, D. Mastroianni, and B. Deck. 1999. Dual modes of the carbon cycle since the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature, vol. 400, No. 6741, pp. 248–250, doi:10.1038/22291. Monnin, E., A. Indermühle, A. Dällenbach, J. Flückiger, B. Stauffer, T.F. Stocker, D. Raynaud, and J.-M. Barnola. 2001. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last glacial Termination. Science, Vol. 291, No. 5501, pp. 112–114, doi:10.1126/science.291.5501.112. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Antarctica PERIOD OF RECORD: 22 - 8 KYrBP FUNDING SOURCES: This work is a contribution to the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA), a joint European Science Foundation (ESF)/EC scientific program, funded by the European Commission and by national contributions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The main logistic support was provided by IPEV and PNRA (at Dome C). A.L. was funded by the European Research Training and Mobility Network GREENCYCLES. Additional funding support was provided by the QUEST-INSU project DESIRE, the FP6 STREP EPICAMIS, and the French ANR PICC (ANR-05-BLAN-0312-01). Long-term support for the mass spectrometry work at LGGE was provided by the Fondation de France and the Balzan Price. DESCRIPTION: High resolution record of CO2 and d13CO2 across Termination I from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C (EDC) ice core. This record is compared to existing lower-resolution EPICA Dome C CO2 data and d13CO2 from the Taylor Dome Ice core, in order to evaluate mechanisms for the Termination I CO2 rise. The experimental procedure of extraction of CO2 and its stable isotopes, as well as the synchronization of EDC age scale to GICC05, are described in the methods section of Lourantou et al. 2010. An even more detailed description can be found in Lourantou, 2009 (PhD thesis, can be found online at: http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370658/fr/) Termination I is the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum (~20 kyr B.P.) to the Early Holocene (~10 kyr B.P). EPICA Dome C ice core: 75°06'S, 123°21'E, 3233m above sea level DATA: 1. Lourantou et al. 2010 EPICA Dome C Termination 1 CO2 & d13CO2 Data Column A: Depth (m) of EDC Column B: Gas age (EDC3_gas_a), according to 4th scenario of Loulergue et al., 2007 for the EDC core, in yr BP (BP=1950 AD) Column C: Gas age of GICC05, done for this record and presented in methods section (Analyseries method, Paillard et al., 1996) Column D: Mean CO2 data (ppmv) for every analyzed sample Column E: Mean CO2 data (ppmv) corrected for gravitational fractionation (Etheridge et al., 1996) Column F: 1 sigma uncertainties for atmospheric CO2 reconstructions Column G: Mean delta13CO2 data (permil) for every single analyzed sample Column H: Mean delta13CO2 data (permil) corrected for gravitational fractionation (Dreyfus et al., 2010) Column I: 1 sigma uncertainties for atmospheric delta13CO2 reconstructions Depth(m) EDC3gasage GICC05gasage CO2 CO2corr. 1sigma d13CO2 d13CO2corr. 1sigma 346.50 8756.45 9093.47 258.86 256.90 0.63 -6.211 -6.709 0.165 346.50 8756.45 9093.47 263.57 261.57 1.27 -6.095 -6.593 0.097 355.30 9072.05 9403.04 260.28 258.30 0.92 -6.189 -6.689 0.159 376.75 9792.53 10116.05 267.54 265.55 0.01 -6.218 -6.708 0.100 376.75 9792.53 10116.05 260.34 258.40 0.24 -6.286 -6.775 0.017 389.95 10277.65 10595.98 270.11 268.00 2.18 -6.223 -6.737 0.062 393.25 10401.05 10715.82 268.98 266.91 1.11 -6.236 -6.743 0.149 393.25 10401.05 10715.82 270.29 268.21 -6.336 -6.844 398.75 10603.80 10915.01 264.83 262.80 0.42 -6.316 -6.822 0.028 410.85 11064.38 11371.88 263.39 261.39 -6.184 -6.684 410.85 11064.38 11371.88 264.38 262.37 0.84 -6.299 -6.799 0.150 412.50 11123.60 11438.15 265.25 263.23 1.34 -6.326 -6.826 0.030 418.00 11323.90 11675.34 262.43 260.30 0.19 -6.215 -6.748 0.049 418.00 11323.90 11675.34 260.57 258.46 1.57 -6.290 -6.823 0.133 426.80 11612.36 11991.75 249.80 247.84 2.06 -6.564 -7.080 0.208 426.80 11612.36 11991.75 254.25 252.26 2.12 -6.478 -6.994 0.037 431.20 11796.04 12196.51 248.65 246.80 1.09 -6.431 -6.922 0.224 431.20 11796.04 12196.51 252.33 250.44 1.66 -6.467 -6.958 0.037 436.70 12028.80 12452.40 247.09 245.26 0.78 -6.443 -6.931 0.176 436.70 12028.80 12452.40 246.51 244.68 0.22 -6.526 -7.013 0.112 443.30 12346.39 12804.36 240.41 238.67 0.36 -6.297 -6.774 0.035 447.70 12584.80 13067.80 237.67 236.02 1.48 -6.191 -6.650 0.142 447.70 12584.80 13067.80 238.91 237.24 1.45 -6.384 -6.843 0.168 448.25 12613.90 13100.00 238.64 236.96 1.28 448.25 12613.90 13100.00 235.23 233.57 1.71 450.45 12734.05 13233.23 240.60 238.90 1.01 -6.452 -6.919 0.137 450.45 12734.05 13233.23 238.67 236.98 0.34 -6.085 -6.552 0.053 453.20 12888.56 13403.81 239.73 238.02 0.25 -6.344 -6.814 0.126 453.75 12918.15 13436.88 239.32 237.63 1.15 -6.322 -6.785 0.136 455.40 13000.34 13533.38 239.74 238.02 1.88 -6.307 -6.780 0.079 458.70 13173.75 13725.46 243.31 241.54 2.28 -6.156 -6.635 0.029 458.70 13173.75 13725.46 243.74 241.97 0.57 -6.111 -6.590 0.083 459.80 13235.22 13789.42 239.44 237.72 1.86 -6.123 -6.595 0.081 464.75 13511.43 14087.65 240.05 238.32 0.78 -6.060 -6.535 0.153 469.70 13779.71 14389.71 240.74 239.00 1.06 -6.234 -6.711 0.169 473.00 13944.70 14572.54 240.81 239.03 0.68 -6.366 -6.851 0.076 475.20 14066.32 14697.78 242.74 241.00 2.13 -6.525 -6.997 0.068 475.20 14066.32 14697.78 238.69 236.98 0.33 -6.317 -6.789 0.077 477.40 14176.32 14800.03 234.24 232.52 1.57 -6.305 -6.787 0.192 480.70 14356.70 14951.57 230.48 228.76 0.49 -6.290 -6.781 0.018 482.90 14472.94 15053.70 229.35 227.70 0.73 -6.274 -6.747 0.020 486.75 14697.25 15231.42 229.87 228.24 1.38 -6.371 -6.837 0.135 487.85 14756.44 15282.94 229.66 227.99 0.93 -6.213 -6.691 0.096 491.70 14978.41 15461.23 227.05 225.44 0.59 -6.546 -7.010 0.101 498.30 15368.56 15785.77 220.58 219.05 1.73 -6.473 -6.930 0.082 501.05 15541.13 15926.07 222.61 221.08 0.22 -6.222 -6.674 0.175 503.80 15718.18 16068.01 219.22 217.69 0.02 -6.310 -6.769 0.135 504.90 15781.22 16125.37 216.99 215.50 -6.445 -6.897 508.75 16040.60 16342.04 211.44 210.00 -6.431 -6.878 514.25 16413.28 16647.75 202.47 201.12 0.45 -6.352 -6.790 0.266 517.00 16610.90 16811.50 197.08 195.80 0.41 -6.159 -6.588 0.068 519.75 16834.47 16996.29 195.29 194.05 2.03 -6.137 -6.557 0.149 525.80 17334.84 17406.33 189.82 188.63 0.99 -6.094 -6.507 0.029 530.75 17766.25 17769.62 188.79 187.61 1.95 -6.067 -6.477 0.082 532.40 17906.18 17901.45 189.57 188.37 0.35 -6.005 -6.419 0.112 536.25 18239.12 18230.82 189.45 188.26 1.13 -6.218 -6.629 0.034 539.00 18502.20 18491.01 190.18 189.01 0.88 -6.040 -6.448 0.062 542.85 18823.88 18810.82 190.56 189.39 1.11 -5.970 -6.375 0.088 548.35 19300.40 19281.96 189.56 188.37 0.59 -6.263 -6.673 0.032 552.75 19703.40 19676.27 190.17 188.96 0.56 -6.084 -6.502 0.230 555.50 19949.85 19906.60 190.30 189.12 0.27 -6.390 -6.799 0.031 557.70 20149.39 20098.13 190.94 189.74 -6.329 -6.740 578.05 22008.84 21854.48 186.32 185.16 0.77 -6.190 -6.600 0.137 2. Taylor Dome data of CO2 and d13CO2 in the atmosphere, from Smith et al., 1999, synchronized with Lourantou et al. 2010 age scale (Analyseries program, Paillard et al., 1996) Column A: GICC05 age scale in yr BP (1950 AD) Column B: atm d13C values, sigma 0.09 permil Column C: atm CO2, sigma 1.5 ppmv GICC05age d13C CO2 TD 8042.27 -6.27 259.9 9332.11 -6.53 265.5 9773.57 -6.54 266.6 10394.08 -6.36 268 10880.18 -6.59 262.2 11433.79 -6.71 264 11554.60 -6.69 266.9 11675.13 -6.83 260.4 11860.29 -6.69 251.4 12116.66 -6.86 247.6 12241.39 -6.85 254.1 13045.04 -6.84 241.6 13379.23 -6.87 237.1 14108.80 -6.73 237.6 14358.90 -6.66 244.7 14739.66 -6.67 229.4 15903.24 -6.94 219.4 15969.26 -7.03 219.4 16432.55 -6.82 218 17449.83 -6.52 189.7 22862.75 -6.69 193.7 23518.19 -6.69 186.6 23829.59 -6.83 201 24273.40 -6.5 190.4 24948.38 -6.44 185.7 24948.38 -6.72 185.7 25011.12 -6.55 185.7 3. Previous EDC data from Monnin et al., 2001, synchronized to Lourantou et al. 2010 age scale Column A: GICC05 age scale in yr BP (present=1950 AD) Column B: atm CO2, sigma 0.6 ppmv GICC05age CO2 EDC 8015.36 259.6 8114.91 259.3 8219.68 258.3 8333.22 261.3 8395.81 260.7 8524.29 261.8 8622.63 259 8725.64 260.9 8810.37 260.4 8912.46 259.3 8992.43 262 9114.11 263.7 9200.90 263.8 9312.43 265.2 9423.55 260.6 9470.34 260.9 9559.00 263 9648.56 263.8 9860.50 264.4 9923.26 264.2 10044.30 264 10129.69 263.4 10226.96 265.7 10303.51 264.9 10407.34 267.5 10526.32 266.9 10614.33 266 10733.70 265.1 10839.18 267.6 10933.36 264.8 11040.47 264.8 11115.08 265 11137.43 265.3 11201.26 264.4 11242.32 264.1 11327.47 264.2 11394.41 264.5 11457.43 264 11533.28 263 11576.22 265.2 11634.51 258.8 11692.90 260.8 11751.56 255.4 11796.82 253.9 11839.85 253.8 11964.49 250.7 12019.44 249.7 12065.00 251.1 12120.52 250.7 12221.41 245.3 12311.03 245.3 12367.79 246.6 12476.24 243.2 12556.23 240.3 12834.80 237.5 12971.53 237.6 13129.98 234.2 13263.41 238.3 13465.83 237.3 13628.34 237.9 13794.94 237.6 14016.52 236.4 14118.49 239.2 14250.61 238.6 14417.08 238.6 14575.94 239.1 14906.04 228.5 15109.49 228.4 15254.44 226.1 15385.16 225.2 15484.91 224.5 15672.27 222 15839.05 221 15952.25 220.9 16088.61 219.4 16213.63 214 16369.40 207.5 16521.00 207.7 16676.86 202.9 16846.82 200.8 17028.62 195.2 17216.44 193.9 17440.77 191 17601.18 188.5 17808.53 188.5 17943.66 189.2 18276.86 187 18532.93 188.6 18815.01 189.4 18852.25 192.3 18903.49 188.3 19326.64 188.7 19483.94 188.8 19717.72 190 19952.21 188 20114.49 188.2 20140.75 195 20426.90 187.8 20657.49 186.9 20905.39 186.5 21133.42 184.7 21370.96 186.1 21698.83 185.7 21848.13 184.4